10年下降35%！不少小学3年后或面临关停？
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><p><span style="font-size: 16px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify;">随着学龄人口减少、城镇化持续提升等因素，我国的小学数量也呈现持续下降的态势。</span></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-role="outer" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="92230" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-width="95%" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: inherit;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 623.141px !important;"></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">教育部近日公布的数据显示，2022年，义务教育办学条件进一步改善。小学阶段，全国共有普通小学14.91万所。全国小学招生1701.39万人；在校生1.07亿人。全国共有小学阶段教育专任教师662.94万人。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">根据记者梳理，从小学数量来看，相比2012年，十年来，我国小学数量减少7.95万所，降幅达到35%。</span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="margin-bottom: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); box-sizing: border-box !important;">图 十年来小学数量变化</span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); box-sizing: border-box !important;">▲数据来源：记者根据教育部数据整理</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">从生源变化来看，近十年来，我国小学招生数量和在校生数量变化很小。数据显示，2022年，全国小学招生1701.39万人，而2012年为1714.66万人，相差无几。在校生数量方面，2022年，全国小学在校生数量为1.07亿人，比2012年还增长一成左右。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">因此，近十年来，我国小学数量下降的主要原因是，城镇化率快速提升，农村地区生源减少，为了提高教学质量，而进行撤点并校。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1996年，我国常住人口城镇化率首次突破30%，为30.8%；到2003年，突破40%；2011年突破50%；到2022年，我国的常住人口城镇化率已经达到65.22%。与此同时，户籍人口城镇化率也在大幅提升。近年来，我国新型城镇化取得重大进展，城镇化水平和质量大幅提升，城市落户门槛大幅降低。总体上看，目前除了一线城市和个别强二线城市外，大多数城市的落户门槛已经很低，乃至零门槛。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">今年的政府工作报告指出，持续推进以人为核心的新型城镇化。每年有上千万农村人口转移到城镇。分类放宽或取消城镇落户限制，十年1.4亿农村人口在城镇落户。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">随着城镇化尤其是户籍人口城镇化率的大幅提高，越来越多的农村小孩进城读书，为了让小孩接受更好的教育，很多农村父母也选择送小孩进城读书。这样一来，农村地区的生源快速下降，学校和教学点数量也相应减少。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">与此同时，从历年出生人口看，全面二孩政策实施后，2016年和2017年的出生人数都超过1700万人，尤其是2016年达到1883万人。但进入2018年，二孩效应减弱，当年出生人口为1523万人，2019年为1465万人，2020年为1200万人。整体来看，出生人口下滑对幼儿园产生的大幅度影响，今年已经显现。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">中国教育科学研究院研究员储朝晖预计，在今年幼儿园招生受冲击之后的三到五年，小学将受到生源的影响，其中乡村小学受到的影响更甚。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">据此推测，3年后小学的学龄人口将大幅减少，这也意味着有一批小学将面临关停的局面。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">随着人口的流动，当前，农村的很多小学已经撤并了。展望未来，在出生人口下降和城镇化率持续提升的情况下，一些乡村小学和教学点也面临继续撤并的局面。与此同时，农村小学如何更好优化布局变得十分关键。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">从过往经验看，过去撤点并校过程中也曾产生一些不利影响。尤其是，2001年开始撤点并校过程中，有些地区采取“一刀切”的方式，盲目撤并农村中小学，导致各种问题凸显。比如，不少农村小孩需要步行到较远的学校上学，被送到寄宿制学校的小学生离开父母生活，也容易带来心理健康问题。2006年后，这些“一刀切”、盲目撤并做法措施开始逐渐得到纠偏。2012年，国务院办公厅出台《关于规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见》要求规范农村义务教育学校撤并程序、坚决制止盲目撤并农村义务教育学校。已经撤并的学校或教学点，确有必要的由当地人民政府进行规划、按程序予以恢复。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">储朝晖提醒，农村居民中也有很多人不具备外出务工能力，届时他们的孩子只能留在乡村上学，政府要履行保障适龄儿童、少年接受义务教育的职责。在未来很长一段时间，尽管公立乡村小学的规模较小，但应该被保留。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在学校布局方面，学术界也有不少研究。在专家看来，应以学生为出发点，遵循教育公平原则，灵活决定学校撤并；积极着手微型学校（小规模学校）研究，积极探索农村微型学校教育新模式，加大农村薄弱学校经费投入等。</span></p><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px;"><p style="text-align: right; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="1" style="" face="微软雅黑" color="#c0c0c0">（来源：第一财经）</font></span></span><strong style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-family: PingFangSC-Regular, 微软雅黑, STXihei, Verdana, Calibri, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 32px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><strong style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></span></strong></span></p></section><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;display: initial;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 640px !important;height: auto !important;"></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; visibility: visible; margin-top: 8px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><img src="https://www.yewn.cn/data/attachment/forum/202304/06/090622mr00ovcirv0c3zg7.png"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; margin-top: 8px; line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p><br></p><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p></div> 农村学校没人，城里学校爆满 政策制度探究合理，城镇化应&综合考虑 一个村自然增长率是负数。 知道了谢谢。 小学数量也呈现持续下降的态势
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