爱渭南的暖洋洋
发表于 2023-12-6 17:10
我国唯一入选！汉文帝霸陵入选2023年度世界十大考古发现
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><section style='margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;line-height: 2em;'><section style='margin-bottom: 0em;padding: 10px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 25.6px;display: inline-block;width: 670px;border-width: 2px;border-style: dashed;border-color: transparent;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;'><section style='margin-right: 16px;margin-bottom: 0.5em;margin-left: 16px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>日前，</span><span style='letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>《考古Archaeology》杂志</span><span style='letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>新出版的2024年第一期评选出了“2023年度世界十大考古发现”，<strong>陕西西安汉文帝霸陵发现的动物殉葬坑入选，为中国唯一入选者。</strong></span><span style='font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;'></span></section><section class="channels_iframe_wrp wxw_wechannel_card_not_horizontal"><mp-common-videosnap class="js_uneditable custom_select_card channels_iframe videosnap_video_iframe" data-pluginname="mpvideosnap" data-url="https://findermp.video.qq.com/251/20304/stodownload?encfilekey=rjD5jyTuFrIpZ2ibE8T7YmwgiahniaXswqzDl5aoJ3xKWf6rL50b2bNiaWkIUBqzpm7tQ7AQK38nCIIYqKicnMZXgibLZKAxt7U73icMHibZXKWBUQetxrtQR4wVhA&bizid=1023&dotrans=0&hy=SH&idx=1&m=&scene=0&token=x5Y29zUxcibBHZwEhByiaibodia3hWlshNrZgMWibxD3jF5oQ3YU7w2HT6kcAmlJxmSjrK80TdUsn8B0" data-headimgurl="http://wx.qlogo.cn/finderhead/Q3auHgzwzM4LKibHmv6gaBChtJmKuLwuTUfAkqrCq86BE7NmaV2zUQg/0" data-username="v2_060000231003b20faec8c7e78b1fcbd0ca01ee37b0778844531f646da10490150d1aedf6ec60@finder" data-nickname="陕视新闻" data-desc="汉文帝霸陵动物殉葬坑入选世界十大考古发现（来源：中国考古 编辑：陈露）" data-nonceid="5678645951624439196" data-type="video" data-mediatype="undefined" data-authiconurl="https://dldir1v6.qq.com/weixin/checkresupdate/icons_filled_channels_authentication_enterprise_a2658032368245639e666fb11533a600.png" data-from="new" data-width="1080" data-height="1920" data-id="export/UzFfAgtgekIEAQAAAAAALNQFEkJ7FwAAAAstQy6ubaLX4KHWvLEZgBPEz4JoVxxCROqFzNPgMIv19CyMw3z1llIjXc08Vdi9" data-isdisabled="0" data-errortips=""></mp-common-videosnap></section><section style='margin-right: 16px;margin-bottom: 0.5em;margin-left: 16px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 16px;margin-bottom: 0.5em;margin-left: 16px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;'>这是继霸陵的考古成果荣获“2021年度全国十大考古新发现”“2021年陕西省六大考古发现”之后再获殊荣。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 16px;margin-bottom: 0.5em;margin-left: 16px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 16px;margin-bottom: 0.5em;margin-left: 16px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;'><span style='outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;'>该杂志是美国考古考古学会主办的面向公众的双月刊考古杂志，已连续出版70余年。自2006年开始，该杂志在每年的12月评选出本年度的世界十大考古发现，在全球范围内具有较大的影响力。</span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);'><strong style='outline: 0px;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></strong></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);'><strong style='outline: 0px;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px !important;height: auto !important;'></span></span></strong></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);'><strong style='outline: 0px;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></strong></span></section><p style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;'>此次入选的十项考古发现分别为：意大利托斯卡纳温泉圣池发现2300年前青铜雕塑、赞比亚卡兰博河发现50万年前的海德堡人木构、以色列发现1900年前罗马宝剑、苏丹发现中世纪基督教彩绘壁画、墨西哥阿兹特克大神庙发现祭祀用石刻人像、俄罗斯西伯利亚发现8000年前狩猎采集者的防御建筑、秘鲁马丘比丘印加皇帝仆从的故乡、世界上最古老的书籍、<strong>汉文帝的地下苑囿</strong>、意大利罗马发现尼禄皇帝的剧院。（</span><a target="_blank" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=Mzg5NjQ2Mzg0Ng==&mid=2247527522&idx=1&sn=fab53b0378afbb9a3a81d4b164be67ca&scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="详情请点击查看阅读原文" linktype="text" imgurl="" imgdata="null" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2"><em><span style='outline: 0px; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible;'>详情请点击查看阅读原文</span></em></a><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;'>）</span></p><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><br></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px;'><span style='outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>关于汉文帝霸陵<span style='outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;'>令人叹为观止的西汉皇家苑囿，</span></span><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;'>陕西省考古研究院研究员胡松梅、陕西省考古研究院研究馆员曹龙、西安市文物保护考古研究院助理馆员张婉婉曾著文做过介绍。以下为文章主要内容：</span></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 2em;'><br></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;'>汉文帝霸陵位于陕西省西安市灞桥区狄寨街道江村东部白鹿原的西端，其东北约800米处为窦皇后陵，西南约2000米处为薄太后南陵，北边约2100米处为原全国重点文物保护单位霸陵所在地“凤凰嘴”。霸陵和南陵周围的大型外藏坑中出土了各类陶俑、陶器、铁器、铜器、金银器、马骨等大量汉代珍贵文物。在其相对较远的很多小型殉葬坑中发现了大量的珍禽异兽骨骼，葬具有陶棺、砖栏和木椁，随葬品有陶容器、陶俑等。经初步形态对比、数据测量和部分兽类古DNA鉴定，发现有丹顶鹤、绿孔雀、褐马鸡、陆龟、金丝猴、虎、马来貘、鬣羚、印度野牛、牦牛、羚牛等40种动物骨骸，引起了很多人的关注和好奇。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);visibility: visible;'><strong>一、</strong> </span><span style='outline: 0px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 18px;visibility: visible;'><strong style='outline: 0px;visibility: visible;'>汉文帝霸陵出土的珍禽异兽</strong></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 18px;visibility: visible;'><strong style='outline: 0px;visibility: visible;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></strong></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;'>霸陵的动物殉葬坑位于汉文帝陵墓西南约600米处的白鹿原西坡，形制为接近东西向长方形的竖穴土坑，走向和薄太后南陵动物殉葬坑明显不同，其兽类动物头骨均在东边，朝向汉文帝霸陵。南陵的兽类动物头骨均在南边，朝向薄太后南陵。霸陵考古勘探新发现有60多座殉葬坑，加之1966年考古工作者曾在此发掘清理了47座从葬坑，出土了马、羊、猪、狗、鸡、鹅、鹤等禽兽骸骨，因此，该区域原应分布有上百座排列有序的殉葬坑。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;'>2021年8月至2022年8月，考古工作者共发掘23座动物殉葬坑，发现动物种类共计11个属种，包括鸟类2种和兽类9种，均为珍稀野生动物，出土的动物种类既有现在仍生活在南方东洋界（热带或亚热带）的动物如印度野牛、马来貘和绿孔雀，也有“秦岭四宝”中的三宝——金丝猴、大熊猫、羚牛。其中，虎、马来貘、牦牛、印度野牛在陕西省属首次发现。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>马来貘（Tapirus indicus）：亦称亚洲貘，产于马来西亚、苏门答腊岛和泰国，是貘类中最大的一种。目前，貘在我国已经灭绝，但在历史上曾存在过。河南安阳殷墟商代遗址出土过貘头骨和下颌骨；陕西宝鸡茹家庄西周2号墓、山西绛县横水西周倗国墓地均出土过青铜器“貘尊”；山东平阴孟庄汉代石柱画像石、山东滕县西户口汉画像石、江苏金坛1970年8月出土的上虞窑貘钮青瓷扁壶上，均出现过貘的形象。唐代诗人白居易的《貘屏赞》写道：“貘者，象鼻犀目，牛尾虎足，生于南方山谷中。”说明貘在唐代南方地区仍然存在。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>以往的考古发现中，除殷墟商代遗址出土的貘为骨骼外，其余均为“貘”的青铜器、壁画、瓷器的“象物”造型。因此，霸陵出土的完整貘骨架弥足珍贵，证实了直到汉代，中国北方地区仍然有奇蹄类动物貘的存在，该发现为研究当时的气候、环境和生态提供了宝贵的实物资料。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>印度野牛（Bos gaurus）：别名白肢野牛、野黄牛、白袜子、亚洲野牛等，分布于南亚、东南亚、我国云南省西双版纳及普洱等地，以其特大的身躯吸引着人们的眼球，是现存世界上体型最大的牛之一。印度野牛骸骨也是此次发掘所有坑中最大的一个动物骨架，比殷墟的“殷牛”（Bos exiguous ）要大得多。印度野牛在我国北方考古遗址中属首次发现。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><strong style='outline: 0px;'><span style='outline: 0px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 18px;'>二、<strong style='outline: 0px;'>薄太后南陵出土的珍禽异兽</strong></span></strong></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><strong style='outline: 0px;'><span style='outline: 0px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 18px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></strong></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>南陵动物殉葬坑位于南陵“石围界”内封土西北约250米处，考古勘探显示，该区域分布有10列42排共380余座动物殉葬坑，其排列有序、没有打破关系，为一次性规划，形制为接近南北向长方形的竖穴土坑。其中，小型鸟类动物以陶棺葬具为主，哺乳动物和爬行动物以砖栏和木椁葬具为主，砖栏居多。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;font-size: 9pt;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);'>南陵出土的陆龟 图片来自作者</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;font-size: 9pt;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);'>霸陵出土的貘骨架 图片来自作者</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>1975年，考古工作者曾在此抢救发掘了23座殉葬坑，其中最为重要的是出土了犀牛的完整骨架和大熊猫的头骨。2020年12月至2022年4月，霸陵考古队继续对南陵动物殉葬坑进行了发掘，此次考古发掘区域位于1975年发掘殉葬坑的四周，主要为东部、南部、西部，呈半包围状，共发掘55座殉葬坑，殉葬动物有鸟类、兽类和爬行类。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>鸟类骨骼主要分布在东南边，兽类骨骼主要分布在西南边，中间的K33-4坑既有鸟类也有兽类，宛若文帝时期皇家苑囿的地下动物园。经初步鉴定，发现的动物种类共计30个属种，包括鸟类18个属种、爬行类1种和兽类（哺乳类）11种，包括金雕、绿孔雀、褐马鸡、丹顶鹤、金丝猴、猕猴、虎、鬣羚、鹅喉羚、梅花鹿、狍子等30种珍稀野生动物骨骸。其中，最为重要的是，首次在陕西省发现了爬行动物龟鳖目陆龟科的靴脚陆龟、鸟类犀鸟科的地犀鸟属。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>靴脚陆龟（Manouria emys）：位于砖栏中部，其南有塑衣式跽坐陶俑和陶罐各1件，象征饲养员和盛放动物食物的器皿。中国陆龟有四爪陆龟、凹甲陆龟和缅甸陆龟三种，它们的背甲长度一般均不超过30厘米，但这次发现的陆龟背甲长度达52厘米，应为亚洲最大的陆龟——靴脚陆龟。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>靴脚陆龟分为两个亚种，棕靴脚（Manouria emys emys）较早（1844年）被发现并命名，稍后（1853年）黑靴脚（Manouria emys phayrel）才被定名。前者体型相对较小，背甲可达50厘米，体色多半呈褐色，左右胸盾不相连，背甲较平坦，分布范围为泰国南部、马来西亚、苏门答腊及部分印尼群岛；后者体型较大，背甲可达60厘米，体重可达37公斤，外观颜色多半较为黝黑，腹甲的左右胸盾相连，背甲缘甲板向上翘，背甲较高隆，分布于泰国北部、缅甸、孟加拉国及印度等地。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>地犀鸟属（Bucorvus sp.）：分为地犀鸟（Bucorvus abyssinicus）和红脸地犀鸟（Bucorvus leadbeateri）两种，现分布于非洲热带草原，体型大，为犀鸟目中最大的种类，也是肉食性最强的鸟类，可捕捉地面昆虫、蜥蜴等各种小型动物。从K33-4出土的保存较好的肱骨、股骨、跗跖骨和头骨枕部来看，属大型鸟类，它们和www.aves3d.org（鸟类骨骼形态三维数据库）网站上收录的地犀鸟的相应部位形态最接近，尺寸稍大。由于国内缺乏对比标本，网站数据库不全，进一步的种类鉴定还需借助古DNA技术及形态对比研究。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 18px;'><strong style='outline: 0px;'>三、 发现的意义</strong></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 18px;'><strong style='outline: 0px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></strong></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>在文帝霸陵西南侧和薄太后南陵西北侧发掘的以单个墓葬形式殉葬大量珍禽异兽在全国属首次发现。不同于神禾原大墓K12的珍禽异兽坑和秦陵K0007的青铜水禽坑，它们都是在一个大型外藏坑内埋葬的；也有异于秦始皇陵内外城之间、内城西门南侧的17座珍禽异兽坑，其呈南北“一”字形排列，为东西向的长方形竖穴陪葬坑，试掘的两座坑内出土有陶钵、铜环及鹿、麂等动物骨骼，14座跽坐俑坑南北分列于珍禽异兽坑的两侧，抑或象征的是始皇生前宫内豢养珍兽的情况。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>利用骨骼形态对比、数据测量和古DNA等方法，准确鉴定动物殉藏坑内出土的每个动物的属种，可从动物考古角度探讨其本身属性、蕴含的象征寓意及与墓主身份的关系。从目前发掘资料来看，只有帝、后陵和太后陵有珍禽异兽出土，是身份和地位的象征。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;font-size: 9pt;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);'>刖人守囿车，形象刻画了西周贵族“域养禽兽”的苑囿之景，现藏于山西博物院。资料图片</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>首先，为文献记载的皇家苑囿动物种类提供考古学证据。这次发掘出土的动物在司马相如的《上林赋》、扬雄的《长杨赋》、班固的《两都赋》、张衡的《西京赋》，以及《汉书》《山海经》《尔雅》《诗经》等古文献中基本都能找到。如陆龟（《山海经》称龙龟）、褐马鸡（《山海经》《上林赋》称鹖）、鸿雁（《上林赋》称鸿）、孔雀（《上林赋》称孔）、黑水鸡（《上林赋》称鷛渠）、赤麻鸭或绿翅鸭或绿头鸭（《诗经》称凫、野鸭）、大熊猫（《上林赋》称猛氏、《山海经》称猛豹、《尔雅·释兽》称貘为白豹、《尚书》称貔、《毛诗》称白罴、《峨眉山志》称貔貅、《兽经》称貉、《本草纲目》称貘等）、斑羚（青羊）（《上林赋》称壄羊）、牦牛（《山海经》称旄牛、犛牛，《上林赋》称旄、髦、氂）、赤麂（《山海经》称麂、《尔雅·释兽》称</span><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;visibility: visible !important;width: 15px !important;height: auto !important;'></span><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>）、狍子（《尔雅·释兽》称麠、大麃）、梅花鹿（《上林赋》称鹿）、金丝猴（《山海经》《尔雅》《上林赋》称蜼，《长杨赋》《西都赋》《楚辞·九章》称狖，《埤雅》称金丝绒、绒等）、猕猴（《上林赋》称玃、蠼猱）、蒙古兔（《上林赋》称兔、狡兔）、羚牛（《山海经》称</span><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;visibility: visible !important;width: 15px !important;height: auto !important;'></span><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>牛）、印度野牛（《山海经》称夔，《尔雅·释兽》称犩，蘷牛又作犪牛），等等。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>其次，可以复原霸陵遗址周围的生态环境和气候，如东洋界动物马来貘、印度野牛、犀牛、地犀鸟和绿孔雀的存在，证明当时的气候比较湿热，现今生活在南方的动物在汉文帝时期能够在此生存。猕猴、金丝猴、虎、大熊猫、梅花鹿、狍子、赤麂，羊亚科动物斑羚、鬣羚（苏门羚）、羚牛和羚羊亚科动物鹅喉羚、蒙古瞪羚及牛亚科动物牦牛、印度野牛的存在，说明上林苑周边森林、竹子、草原和河湖沼等多种生态系统广布，环境优美，俨然是中国最早的物种极为丰富的皇家苑囿动植物园。西汉以后，随着生态环境、气候的变化和人为对上林苑土地的开垦、植被尤其是森林的破坏，一些动物失去了所依赖的生活环境，先后在关中地区消失。大约至西汉晚期，犀牛已在关中和秦岭一带绝迹。汉平帝元始二年春，黄支国曾运送犀牛到长安。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>此次发现证明，至少在西汉时期，貘和大熊猫还是两种动物，分别与《上林赋》中的“貘”（“其兽则</span><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;visibility: visible !important;width: 15px !important;height: auto !important;'></span><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>旄貘嫠”）和“猛氏”（“格虾蛤，鋋猛氏”）对应。与文帝霸陵相距不远的两个小型外藏坑内，同时出土了两种不同的完整动物骨架，经鉴定，一具为奇蹄类貘科的马来（亚洲）貘，体型较大，前肢有四趾，后肢只有三趾，在奇蹄目中属于最原始的种类。另一具为食肉目的大熊猫。大熊猫的古名应该是成书于战国晚期《山海经·南山经》中的“兽多猛豹”的“猛”（据郭璞《山海经传》记载：“猛豹似熊而小，毛浅，有光泽，能食蛇，食铜铁，出蜀中。豹或作虎。”实际上，这里的猛豹是猛和豹两种动物，而晋人郭弘农硬将“猛、豹”二物释为一物“猛豹”）及西汉蜀人司马相如《上林赋》所咏的“猛氏”。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>“大熊猫”是1900年由法国博物学家戴维命名的，我国古籍中最早确切的称谓实际上只有一个，即“猛”。然而，目前学界达成的共识是大熊猫在古籍中的称谓为貘（貊、狛）。这主要是“貘”“貊”与“狛”由“猛”声转而来。《山海经·中山经》“崃山”，郭璞注：“邛崃山……出貊，貊似熊而黑白驳，亦食铜铁也。猛豹即貘豹也，貘豹、猛豹声近而转。”《尔雅》云：“貘，白豹。”郭璞在《尔雅注疏》中又详细说明：“似熊、小头、痹脚、黑白驳，能舐食铜铁及竹骨。”许慎《说文解字》释：“貘，似熊而黄黑色，出蜀中。”“貘”通作“獏”。清代学者郝懿行《山海经笺疏》：“猛豹即貘豹也。”这些描述不论形态、食性还是产地都符合大熊猫的特征。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>最后，这些珍禽异兽呈现出王公贵族在皇家苑囿中悠游赏玩、狩猎珍贵动物的场景。班固《汉书·贾山传》记载，（文帝）“又选其贤者，使为常侍、诸吏，与之驰驱射猎，一日再三出”；《汉书·匈奴传》记载，汉文帝中年“赫然发奋，遂躬戎服，亲御鞍马，从六郡良家材力之士，驰射上林，讲习战陈，聚天下精兵军于广武”。这些记载说明，汉文帝特别爱好狩猎，这和他称帝之前、8岁时就和母亲薄姬一起去封地代国的生活阅历息息相关。这种把生活设施置于陵园之内的埋葬制度，体现了“事死如事生”的丧葬观念，是关中地区秦后期和西汉时期陵墓葬制的一大特点。</span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 2em;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;'>在当地已经灭绝的动物种类，如马来貘、印度野牛、牦牛、赤麂、绿孔雀、地犀鸟等骸骨的出土，极大地丰富了现有动物标本库的种类和数量，为今后考古遗址动物标本的对比和研究提供了种类多样的第一手资料，也丰富了博物馆的展陈资源。此次考古发掘的动物殉葬坑，应是西汉皇家苑囿的再现，是西汉帝陵外藏系统的一种新的遗存类型，对研究西汉帝陵制度、秦汉皇家苑囿文化等具有重要的学术价值。</span></section><section style='outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; caret-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: rgb(34, 34, 34); visibility: visible;'><span style='outline: 0px;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;text-indent: 0em;border-radius: 8px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;widows: 1;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(113, 113, 114);display: initial;background-size: 16px auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 578.182px !important;height: auto !important;'></span></span></section><section style='text-align: right; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; caret-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); visibility: visible;'><span style='outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;'><font size="1" style='' face="微软雅黑" color="#c0c0c0">来源：陕西广电融媒体集团·陕视新闻综合中国文物报 文物陕西 文博西安 西部网</font><font face="system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif" style='color: rgb(34, 34, 34);'><span style='text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;'></span></font></span></section><section style='text-align: center;'><img src="https://www.yewn.cn/data/attachment/forum/202312/04/102435rmyz13qv3xd4d1d4.png"></section><p style='display: none;'><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p></div>
西部牛仔
发表于 2023-12-6 18:06
汉朝的野生动物那么多
匣与桔
发表于 2023-12-6 18:11
yyd！！！！！！！
云飘飘
发表于 2023-12-6 18:15
真是挺不错哦
云飘飘
发表于 2023-12-6 18:15
历史文物要好好保护啊
2839
发表于 2023-12-6 18:25
世界十大考古发现
bxf
发表于 2023-12-6 19:16
真是挺不错的。
∵了无痕
发表于 2023-12-6 19:42
陕西的骄傲！
hwa
发表于 2023-12-6 20:28
考古新发现。
hwa
发表于 2023-12-6 20:39
新考古发现。