冲上热搜！最近头晕、嗜睡，全是“大地磁暴”的锅？真相是...
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><p style='text-align: left; line-height: 1.75em;' data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io"><span style='font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63);'>据中国气象局消息 </span><span style='font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 1px;'>3 月 24 日、25 日和 26 日三天可能出现地磁活动。其中 3 月 25 日会发生中等以上地磁暴甚至大地磁暴，预计地磁活动将持续到 26 日。</span></p><p style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></p><p style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-size: 15px;'><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);'>相关消息一经发布</span><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>，关于“地磁暴”的话题多次登上各种社交平台热搜。</span></span></p><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;'><br></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;'><br></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;'><br></section><p style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'>一些网友还表示，大地磁暴给自己身体带来了或多或少的影响：</span></p><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;width: 100%;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;'><br></section><p style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-size: 15px;'><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);'>那地磁暴到底是什么？真的会给我们身体带来各种各样的影响吗？</span><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>其实在去年 12 月 1 日左右也爆发过一次地磁暴，一些天文爱好者还在北京观测到了极光......今天就一起来聊聊！</span></span></p><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;'><br></section><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 558px;height: 430px;'></span></section><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; text-indent: 0em; line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 13px;'>去年12月1日网友拍摄到的北京极光。图片来源于微博</span></section><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;'><br></section><section><section><section><section><section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor"><section data-role="paragraph"><section style='margin-bottom: 24px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.75;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;'><section style='margin-top: 10px;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;'><section style='display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;'><section style='margin-bottom: -6px;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;line-height: 1em;color: rgb(5, 5, 5);'><p><span style='font-size: 14px;'><strong>呼唤洪荒的太阳风： </strong><strong style='font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;'>极光与地磁暴的产生</strong></span></p></section><section style='width: 288.844px;height: 10px;background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><br><br></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style='font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em;'><section style='text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;width: 97%;vertical-align: top;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;'><section style='text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;margin-right: 13px;'><section style='text-align: justify;color: rgb(43, 179, 241);' powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><span style='font-size: 15px;'></span></p><section style='margin-right: 6px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto;'><section style='font-size: 22px;text-align: center;'><section style='margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p><strong><span style='font-size: 15px;'><strong>1</strong></span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style='margin-right: 13px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto;'><section style='color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><p><strong><span style='font-size: 15px;'><strong>极光是什么？</strong></span></strong></p></section></section><p><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;'>要想知道地磁暴是什么？首先要来讲讲大多数人熟知的极光是怎么发生的。</span></p><p style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><br></p><p style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>极光是一类发光的空间天气现象。大量来自太阳的高能带电粒子流（也称作太阳风）在进入地球磁场后，多数被磁力线集中偏转到磁极周边并下落，当它们与高层大气（100 千米或以上）的粒子碰撞后，大气粒子获得能量而被激发或被电，当这些粒子回复到初始基态或复合为中性粒子时，部分释放的能量会以可见光形式发出。</span></p><p style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></p><p style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'>由于当前磁极也均位于地理上的南北两极附近，因而这类发光现象集中在高纬度地区（尤其是环绕磁极的“磁纬度”较高地区，这里也被称作极光带），极光也因此得名。</span></p><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></section><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;height: auto;'></span></section><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;'>太阳高能粒子流（太阳风）对地球周边区域/地磁场相互作用的示意图</span><strong style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(43, 179, 241);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.034em;'></strong></section><section style='font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em;'><section style='text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;width: 97%;vertical-align: top;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;'><section style='text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;margin-right: 13px;'><section style='font-size: 16px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(43, 179, 241);' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='margin-right: 6px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto;'><section style='font-size: 22px;text-align: center;'><section style='margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p><strong><span style='font-size: 15px;'><strong>2</strong></span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style='margin-right: 13px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto;'><section style='color: rgb(0, 122, 170); font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em;'><p style='line-height: 1.75em;'><br></p><section style='text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;width: 97%;vertical-align: top;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;'><section style='text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;margin-right: 13px;'><strong><span style='font-size: 15px;'><strong><section style='margin-right: 13px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto;'><strong>为什么极光会有不同的颜色？</strong></section></strong></span></strong></section></section></section></section><p><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(43, 179, 241);'>极光的缤纷颜色与</span></strong><strong style='font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;'><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>不同的大气粒子和发光过程有关，也处在不同的高度。</span></strong></span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>如最常见的</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong style='font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;'><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>绿色极光</span></strong></span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>，是氧原子被激发到激发态后，较短时间（1秒内到数秒）回复到基态时发出的光，通常在 100～200 千米高；而</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong style='font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;'><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>红色极光</span></strong></span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>同样是激发态氧原子回复后的发光，但这一过程需要较长时间（数十秒到百余秒），期间一旦与其他粒子碰撞将损失这部分能量而无法发光，因而红色极光最主要在粒子密度更低、高度更高的层面相对常见（约 200～350 千米）。</span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><br></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>通常而言，由于高空能发光粒子较为稀薄，红色极光的强度相较绿色极光偏弱，</span><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong>但由于极光带在我国以北数百千米甚至更远，我国北方能看到的极光高度角都较低，加之地球表面的弧度、地形等遮挡，因而对于我国北方等中纬度地区，反而高度较高、强度相对较弱的红色极光更容易被看到。</strong></span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>此外，蓝色为氮原子激发/电离后发出的光，但氮原子更难被激发电离，它出现的频率也不如红/绿色极光高。</span></p><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></section><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;'></span></section><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;'>极光高度和颜色的关系，以及我国在内的中纬度地区可视范围示意图。图片来源：中国国家地理</span></section><section style='font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em;'><section style='text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;width: 97%;vertical-align: top;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;'><section style='text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;margin-right: 13px;'><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;'><br></section><section style='letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em;'><section style='text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;'><section style='display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;'><section style='text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;'><section style='margin-right: 6px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;'><section style='font-size: 22px;text-align: center;'><section style='margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'><p><span style='font-size: 15px;'><strong>3</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style='margin-right: 13px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;'><section style='text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><p><span style='font-size: 15px;'><strong>地磁暴是什么？</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;'><br></section><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>而这来自太阳的高能带电粒子流主要起源自太阳大气最外层——</span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>日冕层</span></strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>。</span></span><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>日冕层温度极高的同时物质极其稀薄，此时物质以带电的等离子体形式存在。</span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong style='font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;'><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>通常情况下，这些带电粒子被封闭的太阳磁场所束缚，难以成规模地逃离，但有两类情况下，它们会顺利喷薄而出：</span></strong></span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'>一是日冕存在较稳定（持续数日）的特定结构，如冕洞这类温度较低、磁场线较为开放的结构，带电粒子流会在这里成功逃脱太阳磁场束缚，形成冕洞高速流；</span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-size: 15px;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>而比其更为剧烈的，则是强烈太阳活动（包括但不限于耀斑爆发）引发的异常磁场扰动，导致磁力线出现局部开放，此时这些“磁场缺口”处更容易出现带电粒子流的快速喷薄而出，并形成日冕物质抛射</span><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);'>（CME）</span><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>事件——后者往往会引发更显著的</span></span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>磁暴</span></strong></span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>。</span></p><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></section><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;'></span></section><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 13px;'>去年 12 月地磁暴期间太阳的远紫外线波段影像图。图中右下部分的暗色区域正是温度较低、磁力线较为开放的冕洞，它对高能带电粒子流的产生和最近的地磁暴与极光活动有一定贡献。图片来源：美国航天局（NASA）下属太阳动力学天文台（SDO）</span></section><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></section><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>当CME对应的高能粒子流进入地球磁场范围后，会使地磁场压缩变形，并将大量带电粒子注入磁层区域，引发磁层环电流急剧变化；而由于</span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>变化的电流会产生变化的磁场</span></strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>，</span></span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>这一部分带电粒子流会给地磁场</span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>额外附加</span></strong></span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>一部分感应磁场，这额外附加的部分就被称作</span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>地磁扰动</span></strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>，</span></span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>其中较强者会称作</span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>地磁暴</span></strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>。</span></span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>所以</span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>地磁暴和极光是这些太阳高能粒子流影响的两面，可以通过监测地磁暴事件的强度预报极光的强度。</span></strong></span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'><br><br> 通常而言，越正对地球、速度越快的 CME，会产生越强烈的地磁暴；而 CME 也具有不同形态，通常以 CME 两端夹角衡量，完全成环（360°）者被称作晕状 CME —这类通常是正对地球、速度极快的 CME 事件，往往会引发强地磁暴事件。<br></span></p><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;'><br></section><section style='line-height: 1.75;'><section style='font-size: 18px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;'><section style='display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;'><section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor"><section data-role="paragraph"><section style='margin-top: 10px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;'><section style='display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;'><section style='margin-bottom: -6px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; line-height: 1em; color: rgb(5, 5, 5);'><p><span style='font-size: 14px;'><strong>电·磁·光的交织： </strong><strong style='font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;'>地磁暴对生活的影响</strong></span></p></section><section style='width: 272.031px;height: 10px;background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><br></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'>地磁暴除了直接反映地磁场的剧烈扰动，也代表着高能粒子流冲击地球高层大气。</span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>在这类大地磁暴活动时，磁极附近的高纬度区域地面会因为磁场的快速变化进一步激发感应电流，并</span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>对当地电网等产生一定干扰</span></strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>，此外</span><strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>高纬度区域地磁导航、卫星导航和低频无线电波导航等方式等也会受到明显干扰。</span></strong></span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>由于高能带电粒子流增强，部分带电粒子会深入极地平流层而让这一层面电离辐射增强，</span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;'><strong>对经过极地区域的航班飞行也稍有影响</strong>。</span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>而根据研究数据汇总而看，单次极地航班飞行时遭遇的剂量为 2.5～4μSv/h（上限在太阳活动高峰时达到），虽然这是天然本底辐射（约 0.2μSv/h）的 12～20 倍，但如果只是作为普通乘客的每年数次飞行，即使时间较长、在太阳活动高峰期间飞行，也远低于安全电离辐射剂量阈值（建议普通公众为每年 1000μSv，而职业工作者为每年 20000μSv），不会造成明显影响，但对于常年工作在极地航线的机组乘务人员，部分研究认为总辐射剂量可能接近安全阈值，也需要更多研究确认。</span></p><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;'><br><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'> 在大气层之外，</span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong><span style='font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px;'>高能粒子流和地磁扰动同样对空间站、卫星的电气元件工作、飞行姿态等产生影响，在轨航天员需要注意。</span></strong></span><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>甚至对于部分低轨道航天器而言，由于运行区域大气密度稍大，地磁暴期间可能出现大气密度进一步升高而阻力增大，影响航天器轨道变动甚至提前坠落，这些都是需要防范。</span></section><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><br><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'> 而以本次大地磁暴级别的事件，</span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>对于包括我国在内的中纬度地区日常生活，如电子器件、通讯、飞行航班等，都不会造成任何明显影响。</span></strong></span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px;'><br></span></p><p style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;'><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>对于更多普通人而言，目前并无充分证据表明地磁暴对身体状况存在影响。</span></strong><strong style='font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;'><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>较强地磁暴的对普通人最直观的体验，则是在高纬度区域</span></strong></span><span style='font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);'>（准确而言，是磁极周边的磁纬度较高区域）</span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);'><strong style='font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;'><span style='letter-spacing: 1px;'>更可能看到绚烂极光，且随着高能粒子流向赤道方向扩张，不少中纬度地区，包括我国北部也能看到极光。</span></strong></span><span style='font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;'>只是前文已经提及，我国北方的极光视角较低且较为暗淡，必须在足够空旷、能避开城镇灯等光污染区域，如果纬度不够高，在城镇里是很难见到。</span></p><section style='margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 1.75em;'><br></section><section style='font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em;'><section style='text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;width: 97%;vertical-align: top;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;'><section style='justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 12px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;'><section style='text-align: justify;color: rgb(5, 5, 5);font-size: 16px;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><span style='font-size: 15px;'><strong>参考文献</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style='transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;width: 100%;height: 172px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 6px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);'><section style='overflow: hidden;'><section style='justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;'><section style='text-align: left;line-height: 1.5;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(140, 140, 140);' powered-by="xiumi.us"><p>顾江阳,董晓梅,孟祥兰等.飞行人员宇宙辐射估算与实验测量的比较研究.航天医学与医学工程,2016,29(05):318-321.DOI:10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2016.05.002.</p><p>Chulliat, A., Hulot, G. & Newitt, L. R. Magnetic flux expulsion from the core as a possible cause of the unusually large acceleration of the north magnetic pole during the 1990s. J. Geophys. Res. 115, B07101 (2010).</p><p>Chulliat, A., Macmillan, S., Alken, P., et al. (2015). The US/UK World Magnetic Model for 2015-2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7289/V5TB14V7</p><p>Livermore, P.W., Finlay, C.C. & Bayliff, M. Recent north magnetic pole acceleration towards Siberia caused by flux lobe elongation. Nat. Geosci. 13, 387–391 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0570-9</p><p>Matzka, J. & Stolle, C. & Yamazaki, Yosuke & Bronkalla, O. & Morschhauser, A. (2021). The Geomagnetic Kp Index and Derived Indices of Geomagnetic Activity. Space Weather. 19. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002641.</p><p><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style='padding-right: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.5em; outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.578px;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="111417" style='outline: 0px; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.578px; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; visibility: visible;'><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="111417" style='outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px; visibility: visible;'><section data-mpa-template-id="1139864" data-mpa-color="null" data-mpa-category="fav" style='outline: 0px;'><h2 placeholder="请输入标题" style='outline: 0px; line-height: 1.6;'><section data-mpa-template-id="1326744" data-mpa-color="null" data-mpa-category="fav" style='outline: 0px;'><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="111417" style='outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;'><section style='margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px;'><section style='margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; visibility: visible;'><section style='outline: 0px;'><section style='outline: 0px; widows: 1; letter-spacing: 0.544px; caret-color: rgb(163, 163, 163); line-height: normal;'><span style='outline: 0px; font-weight: normal;'><font face="微软雅黑" style='' size="1" color="#c0c0c0"><span style='outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;'>◆</span>来源 | 科普中国</font></span></section><section style='outline: 0px; widows: 1; letter-spacing: 0.544px; caret-color: rgb(163, 163, 163); line-height: normal;'><span style='outline: 0px; font-weight: normal;'><img src="https://www.yewn.cn/data/attachment/forum/202403/27/084025ez2aa93aa3ka86k9.png"></span></section></section><section style='color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; outline: 0px;'><section mp-original-font-size="17" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;caret-color: rgb(163, 163, 163);line-height: normal;'><br></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></h2><h1 mp-original-font-size="16" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0em; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;'><section data-role="paragraph" mp-original-font-size="16" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;'><pre ng-bind-html="message.MMActualContent" mp-original-font-size="16" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;'><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" mp-original-font-size="16" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;'><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" mp-original-font-size="14" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;white-space: normal;line-height: normal;min-height: 0px;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);bottom: auto;float: none;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;font-size: 14px;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;'><section data-role="paragraph" mp-original-font-size="14" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;line-height: normal;min-height: 0px;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);bottom: auto;float: none;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;'><section mp-original-font-size="14" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);letter-spacing: 0.68px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></section><section mp-original-font-size="14" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);letter-spacing: 0.68px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></section><section mp-original-font-size="14" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);letter-spacing: 0.68px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></section><section mp-original-font-size="14" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);letter-spacing: 0.68px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></section><section mp-original-font-size="14" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);letter-spacing: 0.68px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></section><section mp-original-font-size="14" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);letter-spacing: 0.68px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></section><section mp-original-font-size="14" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);letter-spacing: 0.68px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif;'><br style='outline: 0px;'></section><section style='margin-bottom: 0em;outline: 0px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);letter-spacing: 0.68px;text-indent: 0em;text-align: right;line-height: 1.6em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif;'><br></section></section></section></section></pre></section></h1></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor" style='margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-left: auto; outline: 0px; font-size: 1em; text-indent: 0em; min-height: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.68px; line-height: 24.5px; background-clip: border-box; background-size: auto; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36); bottom: auto; height: auto; left: auto; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; top: auto; z-index: auto; visibility: visible; background-position: 0% center; background-repeat: repeat; overflow: auto; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3); zoom: 1; font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: right; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); caret-color: rgb(7, 193, 96);'><section data-mpa-template-id="1139864" data-mpa-color="null" data-mpa-category="fav" style='margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 0em;margin-left: auto;outline: 0px;clear: none;min-height: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.68px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 24.5px;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;background-position: 0% center;background-repeat: repeat;font-size: 1em;overflow: auto;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3);zoom: 1;'><h1 mp-original-font-size="16" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 0em;margin-left: auto;outline: 0px;font-size: 1em;clear: none;min-height: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.68px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 24.5px;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;background-position: 0% center;background-repeat: repeat;overflow: auto;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3);zoom: 1;'><section data-role="paragraph" mp-original-font-size="16" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 0em;margin-left: auto;outline: 0px;clear: none;min-height: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.68px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 24.5px;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;background-position: 0% center;background-repeat: repeat;font-size: 1em;overflow: auto;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3);zoom: 1;'><pre ng-bind-html="message.MMActualContent" mp-original-font-size="16" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 0em;margin-left: auto;outline: 0px;clear: none;min-height: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.68px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 24.5px;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;background-position: 0% center;background-repeat: repeat;font-size: 1em;overflow: auto;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3);zoom: 1;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif;text-wrap: wrap;'><section data-role="paragraph" mp-original-font-size="16" mp-original-line-height="NaN" style='margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 0em;margin-left: auto;outline: 0px;clear: none;min-height: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.68px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 24.5px;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;background-position: 0% center;background-repeat: repeat;font-size: 1em;overflow: auto;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3);zoom: 1;'><section style='margin: 8px auto 0em;outline: 0px;clear: none;min-height: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.68px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 24.5px;background-clip: border-box;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);bottom: auto;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;background-position: 0% center;background-repeat: repeat;font-size: 1em;overflow: auto;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.3);zoom: 1;'><br></section></section></pre></section></h1></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style='line-height: 1.75em;'><section style='display: none;'><br></section></section><p style='display: none;'><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p></div> 多梦睡不好！可能是这个原因 此宝对于我们的正常生活没什么影响。 莫有啥影响！！！ 春乏秋困{:14_515:}{:14_515:} 感谢你的科普 感谢你的科普， 又给大家涨知识了，学习学习。 谢谢告知！！！！ 没有影响啊
页:
[1]